Moving Beyond Questions to Assess Comprehension
Making meaning from text is the ultimate goal of learning how to read.
Most often, comprehension questions are used to determine what students understand about the books they have read.
There are two types of questions that are used; explicit and implicit.
Explicit questions are questions that are explicitly stated in the text, these are considered “right there” questions because students can look back in the text and find the answer stated clearly in black and white.
Implicit questions are not clearly stated in the text and a student must infer or read between the lines in order to answer these types of questions. This brings the challenge of understanding or making meaning to a whole new level.
Both types of questions are important when assessing a student’s understanding of what they have read. However, we shouldn’t stop there. Comprehending a story should mean more than answering questions and needs to go deeper in order to prepare our students to be critical thinkers and readers.
Do we want to enable our students to only be able to answer questions after reading a text or do we want to prepare them to make meaning from the text?
Questions can often be answered by looking back in the text, not necessarily because the student understood what they read.
To this end, we advocate for comprehension instruction to go beyond questioning and focus on vocabulary development as well as explicit teaching of comprehension strategies such as visualizing and determining the author’s message.
Using Webb’s Depth of Knowledge model to plan for comprehension instruction will help move readers from simply recalling information to applying and using knowledge gained from texts. This is a great resource to use when determining goals or instructional objectives.
One way to begin this work is to get baseline information about a student’s comprehension strategies and vocabulary skills. This can be done using a pre-test that assesses oral reading fluency (as we know, weak decoding and fluency ultimately impact comprehension) in addition to comprehension strategies and word work that measures the ability to use and understand various parts of speech.
A Maze reading test is also a key ingredient to measuring comprehension as this will assess a student’s understanding of text read silently.
These probes will give information about areas of strength and weakness within a student’s comprehension skills. This can help drive instruction and outline specific goals for comprehension work moving forward.
Looking for literacy activities? Check out the 5CCL Activity Library, where you’ll find hundreds of activities to use in your comprehension instruction (as well as for the other core components of literacy). Click below to learn more!